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<title>Delete (SQL)</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Delete (SQL)</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DELETE" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="Delete_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Delete (disambiguation)">Delete</a>.</div>

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<p>In the database structured query language (<a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>), the <b>DELETE</b> statement is used to remove one or more records from a <a href="Table_(database)" title="Table (database)">table</a>. A subset may be defined for deletion using a condition, otherwise all records are removed.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="Database#Database_management_system" title="Database">database management systems</a> (DBMSs), like <a href="MySQL" title="MySQL">MySQL</a>, allow deletion of rows from multiple tables with one DELETE statement (this is sometimes called multi-table DELETE).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>Delete <a href="Row_(database)" title="Row (database)">rows</a> from table <i>pies</i> where <a href="Column_(database)" title="Column (database)">column</a> <i>flavor</i> equals <i>Lemon Meringue</i>:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pies</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">flavor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Lemon Meringue'</span><span class="p">;</span>

</pre></div>

<p>Delete rows in <i>trees</i>, if the value of <i>height</i> is smaller than 80.

</p>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">80</span><span class="p">;</span>

</pre></div>

<p>Delete all rows from <i>mytable</i>:

</p>

</pre></div>

<p>Delete rows from <i>mytable</i> using a subquery in the where condition:

</p>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mytable2</span>

</pre></div>

<p>Delete rows from <i>mytable</i> using a list of values:

</p>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">IN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value1</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value2</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value3</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value4</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">value5</span>

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Example_with_related_tables">Example with related tables</h2></div>

<p>Suppose there is a simple database that lists people and addresses. More than one person can live at a particular address and a person can live at more than one address (this is an example of a <a href="Many-to-many_(data_model)" title="Many-to-many (data model)">many-to-many relationship</a>). The database only has three tables, <i>person</i>, <i>address</i>, and <i>pa</i>, with the following data:

</p>

<table>

<td>

<caption>person

</caption>

<th>pid

</th>

<th>name

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Joe

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Bob

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Ann

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</td>

<td>

<caption>address

</caption>

<th>aid

</th>

<th>description

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>2001 Main St.

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>35 Pico Blvd.

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</td>

<td>

<caption>pa

</caption>

<th>pid

</th>

<th>aid

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>100

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>100

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>100

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>200

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <i>pa</i> table relates the person and address tables, showing that Joe, Bob and Ann all live at 2001 Main Street, but Joe also takes up residence on Pico Boulevard.

</p><p>In order to remove joe from the database, two deletes must be executed:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">person</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pa</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>

</pre></div>

<p>To maintain referential integrity, Joe's records must be removed from both <i>person</i> and <i>pa</i>. It could be that beyond just having three tables, the database also has been set up with a trigger so that whenever a row is deleted from <i>person</i> any linked rows would be deleted from <i>pa</i>. Then the first statement:

</p>

</pre></div>

<p>would <i>automatically</i> trigger the second:

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">DELETE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pa</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">;</span>

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2></div>

<ul><li>It is a DML (Data Manipulation Language) command, therefore the following commands are used for this command: COMMIT and ROLLBACK</li>

<li>Deletes all or some records from the table, you can limit the records to be deleted by using the WHERE clause</li>

<li>Does not free the space occupied by the data in the table (in the TABLESPACE)</li>

<li>Does not reset the SEQUENCE value assigned to the table</li>

<li>DELETE works much slower than TRUNCATE</li>

<li>You can undo the operation of removing records by using the ROLLBACK command</li>

<li>DELETE requires a shared table lock</li>

<li>Triggers fire</li>

<li>DELETE can be used in the case of: database link</li>

<li>DELETE returns the number of records deleted</li>

<li>Transaction log - DELETE needs to read records, check constraints, update block, update indexes, and generate redo / undo. All of this takes time, hence it takes time much longer than with TRUNCATE</li>

<li>reduces performance during execution - each record in the table is locked for deletion</li>

<li>DELETE uses more transaction space than the TRUNCATE statement</li>

<li>DELETE can be used with indexed views</li>

<li>DELETE generates a small amount of redo and a large amount of undo</li>

<li>DELETE operation does not make unusable indexes usable again</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_commands">Related commands</h2></div>

<p>Deleting all rows from a table can be very time-consuming. Some <a href="DBMS" class="mw-redirect" title="DBMS">DBMS</a> offer a <a href="Truncate_(SQL)" title="Truncate (SQL)">TRUNCATE TABLE</a> command that works a lot quicker, as it only alters metadata and typically does not spend time enforcing constraints or firing triggers.

</p><p>DELETE only deletes the rows. For deleting a table entirely the <a href="Drop_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drop (SQL)">DROP</a> command can be used.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3schools.com/Sql/sql_delete.asp">"SQL Delete Statement"</a>. w3schools.com.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rozwoj-oprogramowania.pl/en/blog/databases/truncate-vs-delete.html">Truncate vs Delete SQL Databases</a> gives examples of DELETE statements features</li></ul>

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</style><div id="SQL70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="SEQUEL" class="mw-redirect" title="SEQUEL">SEQUEL</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="SQL_reserved_words" class="mw-redirect" title="SQL reserved words">Keywords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Create_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Create (SQL)">Create</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Group_by_(SQL)" title="Group by (SQL)">Group by</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Having_(SQL)" title="Having (SQL)">Having</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Insert_(SQL)" title="Insert (SQL)">Insert</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Merge_(SQL)" title="Merge (SQL)">Merge</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Order_by" title="Order by">Order by</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Prepare_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prepare (SQL)">Prepare</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Select_(SQL)" title="Select (SQL)">Select</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Truncate_(SQL)" title="Truncate (SQL)">Truncate</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Set_operations_(SQL)" title="Set operations (SQL)">Union</a></span></li>

<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Update_(SQL)" title="Update (SQL)">Update</a></span></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar Codd</a></li>

<li><a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">Relational database</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC SQL parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Framework</li>

<li>Foundation</li>

<li><a href="SQL/CLI" class="mw-redirect" title="SQL/CLI">Call-Level Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL/PSM" title="SQL/PSM">Persistent Stored Modules</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL/MED" title="SQL/MED">Management of External Data</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL/OLB" title="SQL/OLB">Object Language Bindings</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL/Schemata" title="SQL/Schemata">Information and Definition Schemas</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL/JRT" title="SQL/JRT">SQL Routines and Types for the Java Programming Language</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL/XML" title="SQL/XML">XML-Related Specifications</a></li></ul>

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